| In 1686, many Huguenots had fled to Prussia. Others came to Erlangen in hopes for eventual return to France, a hope kept alive until the start of the 18th century. In 1686, there were 317 Germans and 1,000 French in Neu Erlangen. By 1750, the Huguenots had adopted the German language and their alien character gradually faded and by the end of the 18th century, the French were fully assimilated. Erlangen was a commercial center with booming industries and a university. |
| The Sweep Dynasty Continues |
In 1756, Leonhard Schaitberger would have been 44 years
old when the long suffering inhabitants of Germany were
overrun again by war. This latest struggle, known as the
Seven Years' War, affected all of the German lands.
old when the long suffering inhabitants of Germany were
overrun again by war. This latest struggle, known as the
Seven Years' War, affected all of the German lands.
At first people welcomed Napoleon's reforms, but as time went on his support dwindled and he
was viewed as a foreign occupier. By 1813, Maximilian 1 (King Maximilian 1V Joseph) abandoned
Napoleon, and as a consequence Bavaria was granted all of present day Bavaria at the Congress
of Vienna 1814-1815.
was viewed as a foreign occupier. By 1813, Maximilian 1 (King Maximilian 1V Joseph) abandoned
Napoleon, and as a consequence Bavaria was granted all of present day Bavaria at the Congress
of Vienna 1814-1815.
or take a side trip below
The Last Margrave Margrave of Ansbach, Lady Elizabeth Craven
Hessians Ansbach-Bayreuth Army in USA, Hessian graves, Prison ships >
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte >
NAMES Ansbach-Bayreuth soldiers remaining in Amerika
Hessians: The Headless Hessian >
Hessians: The Ansbach-Bayreuth Dragooners >
People and Places in the Old World:
The Last Days of a Margraveship; Impact on the New World:
Lady Craven's Autobiography: an excerpt .
Queen Luise of Prussia The Beloved Queen.
| Part Four |
But these were difficult years as well. In the early 1790's, France under Napoleon brought upon
Germany grave hardship as the whole country was subjected to their systematic plundering while
the German states were torn apart. Exacerbating the problem, even more French refugees arrived
seeking assistance from Germany. Over 20,000 had crossed over the Rhine during these years.
Germany grave hardship as the whole country was subjected to their systematic plundering while
the German states were torn apart. Exacerbating the problem, even more French refugees arrived
seeking assistance from Germany. Over 20,000 had crossed over the Rhine during these years.
| Like his father, Leonhard was a sweepmaster. Born in Zirndorf in 1712, the same year as Friedrich the Great and the Wild Margrave. Leonhard was active in Erlangen. He married three times and sired a total of 18 children. Leonhard took over some of his father's territories and added others. He lived long enough to see the American Revolution begin, and he died in 1778 after an active life. His sons would become sweep masters in Erlangen, Neustadt-Aisch and Cadolzburg. |
Tobias Gabriel, born in 1749 and Leonhard's first born son from his second marriage to Barbara
Schoors, continued the chimney sweep tradition. Tobias spelled his name as Scheitberger. There is
some evidence that in his youth he lived for a time in Goppingen, Wurttemberg, near the ruins of
the old Hohenstaufen castle to whom Goppingen originally belonged until it came into possession
of the counts of Wurttemberg in 1270. Goppingen was almost entirely rebuilt after a fire in 1782.
Schoors, continued the chimney sweep tradition. Tobias spelled his name as Scheitberger. There is
some evidence that in his youth he lived for a time in Goppingen, Wurttemberg, near the ruins of
the old Hohenstaufen castle to whom Goppingen originally belonged until it came into possession
of the counts of Wurttemberg in 1270. Goppingen was almost entirely rebuilt after a fire in 1782.
On a church record in Plochingen, Tobias Gabriel Scheitberger, Kaminfegergesell von Göppingen,
is named as the father of an illegitimate child and he was not yet a sweep master, but apparently a
journeyman. Years later, he found his true love, and married Luise Margarethe Kasparitz Reinlein
at age 36 in a civil marriage in Erlangen. She was 44 years old and the widow of an Erlangen
Postmaster named Johann Reinlein. By this former marriage, she was also a grandmother to Max
Stirner, anarchist/writer/philosopher. Tobias was by now a sweep master.
is named as the father of an illegitimate child and he was not yet a sweep master, but apparently a
journeyman. Years later, he found his true love, and married Luise Margarethe Kasparitz Reinlein
at age 36 in a civil marriage in Erlangen. She was 44 years old and the widow of an Erlangen
Postmaster named Johann Reinlein. By this former marriage, she was also a grandmother to Max
Stirner, anarchist/writer/philosopher. Tobias was by now a sweep master.
Tobias Gabriel Schaitberger wrote the book "Anweisung zur Verhütung der Feuersgefahren und
wirksamsten Löschmittel gegen Feuersbrünste. Zu Verbreitung gemeinnüziger Vorschläge und
Anstalten" or "Instruction for preventing the Fire Dangers and most effective Fire Extinguishing
Agents against Conflagrations" in 1791. In 1795, following a horrible fire which nearly destroyed
Copenhagen, the book was translated into Danish and reprinted several times.
wirksamsten Löschmittel gegen Feuersbrünste. Zu Verbreitung gemeinnüziger Vorschläge und
Anstalten" or "Instruction for preventing the Fire Dangers and most effective Fire Extinguishing
Agents against Conflagrations" in 1791. In 1795, following a horrible fire which nearly destroyed
Copenhagen, the book was translated into Danish and reprinted several times.
"Have you ever seen a spirit?" Stirner asks in the first part of the The Ego and Its Own. "No, not
I," replies the reader, "but my grandmother." Stirner responds, "Now, you see, it's just so with me
too; I myself haven't seen any, but my grandmother had them running between her feet all sorts of
ways, and out of confidence in our grandmothers' honesty we believe in the existence of spirits."
I," replies the reader, "but my grandmother." Stirner responds, "Now, you see, it's just so with me
too; I myself haven't seen any, but my grandmother had them running between her feet all sorts of
ways, and out of confidence in our grandmothers' honesty we believe in the existence of spirits."
Johann Andreas Schaitberger was born to Tobias Gabriel and his aging wife in 1786, in the last
years of the old Margraveship of Ansbach under which the family had lived and worked for so
long. They had relocated to the town of Cadolzburg around the time of the onslaught of Napoleon.
years of the old Margraveship of Ansbach under which the family had lived and worked for so
long. They had relocated to the town of Cadolzburg around the time of the onslaught of Napoleon.
Some Schaitbergers were still residing at the Schaitberger compound in Ansbach at this time.
Tobias Gabriel Schaitberger would remain a sweep master until his death in Cadolzburg in 1825,
and his widow would live 3 more years. Their son, Johann Andreas Tobias, followed in his father's
footstep and became a sweep master as well as a farm owner in Cadolzburg. At 34 year old, he
married 20 year old local girl Margaretha Kirchner. They already had a two year old daughter
together and were expecting another. Marriage requirements in Bavaria at the time were strict and
not obliged until the couple had certain assets. The couple would have at least 10 more living
children. Three of their sons would be sweeps and at least one of their daughters would have a
child with a sweep. Andreas lived until 1853, his wife Margaretha until 1874.
Tobias Gabriel Schaitberger would remain a sweep master until his death in Cadolzburg in 1825,
and his widow would live 3 more years. Their son, Johann Andreas Tobias, followed in his father's
footstep and became a sweep master as well as a farm owner in Cadolzburg. At 34 year old, he
married 20 year old local girl Margaretha Kirchner. They already had a two year old daughter
together and were expecting another. Marriage requirements in Bavaria at the time were strict and
not obliged until the couple had certain assets. The couple would have at least 10 more living
children. Three of their sons would be sweeps and at least one of their daughters would have a
child with a sweep. Andreas lived until 1853, his wife Margaretha until 1874.
| Taufen - Kirchenbuch Erlangen- Neustadt 1750, 1) Tobias Gabriel (VII) * 14. März 1750 (getauft, Eintragung im Kirchenbuch von 1750, Se. 206, Erlangen- Neustadt) Vater Leonhard Schaidbergers Hochfürstlich privilegirten Caminfegers und Barbara uxoris Söhnlein geb. den 12ten Nachmittags zwischen 2 und 3 Uhr. |
In 1792, Cadolzburg was separated from the principality of Ansbach, which had been sold to
Prussia, and it became incorporated into the Catholic Kingdom of Bavaria, much to the enduring
chagrin and resentment of Protestants in some parts of Frankonia. On December 15, 1805, in the
first Treaty of Schönbrunn, Prussia ceded the Principality of Ansbach to France in exchange for
the Electorate of Hanover; Since Bavaria had joined Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine in
1799, it was rewarded by Napoleon, and when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire in 1806,
Bavaria was elevated to a Kingdom and it acquired Ansbach in exchange for the Duchy of Berg.
Soon afterwards, the Prussian defeat at Jena on October 14, 1806 resulted in the cession of the
Principality of Bayreuth to the French in the Treaty of Tilsit in July 1807, and in 1810, Bayreuth
was also acquired by Bavaria.
Prussia, and it became incorporated into the Catholic Kingdom of Bavaria, much to the enduring
chagrin and resentment of Protestants in some parts of Frankonia. On December 15, 1805, in the
first Treaty of Schönbrunn, Prussia ceded the Principality of Ansbach to France in exchange for
the Electorate of Hanover; Since Bavaria had joined Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine in
1799, it was rewarded by Napoleon, and when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire in 1806,
Bavaria was elevated to a Kingdom and it acquired Ansbach in exchange for the Duchy of Berg.
Soon afterwards, the Prussian defeat at Jena on October 14, 1806 resulted in the cession of the
Principality of Bayreuth to the French in the Treaty of Tilsit in July 1807, and in 1810, Bayreuth
was also acquired by Bavaria.
Perhaps the most famous native son was musician Johann Georg Pisendel, born in 1687 in
Cadolzburg. He and Georg Phillip Telemann had a life long friendship. He was considered the best
violinist of his day. Another famous Cadolzburger was Georg Friedrich Puchta, known as the
founder of conceptual jurisprudence.
Cadolzburg. He and Georg Phillip Telemann had a life long friendship. He was considered the best
violinist of his day. Another famous Cadolzburger was Georg Friedrich Puchta, known as the
founder of conceptual jurisprudence.
Cadolzburg is today in the District of Fuerth, Mittelfranken, Bavaria. It grew up in the shadow of
ancient Schloss Kadolzburg, which from 1157 was the retreat for the Counts of Nürnberg and seat
of the ruling Hohenzollerns. Friedrich 1, Elector of Brandenburg, died here in 1440. The old
Margrave's Church, rebuilt in 1792 by the famed Johann David Steingruber, son of Salzburg exiles,
bears a cartouche with the monogram CWF for Carl Wilhelm Friedrich, the "Wild Margrave" of
Ansbach, 1712-1757. Carvings in the church date from 1470, and a crucifix from 1500.
ancient Schloss Kadolzburg, which from 1157 was the retreat for the Counts of Nürnberg and seat
of the ruling Hohenzollerns. Friedrich 1, Elector of Brandenburg, died here in 1440. The old
Margrave's Church, rebuilt in 1792 by the famed Johann David Steingruber, son of Salzburg exiles,
bears a cartouche with the monogram CWF for Carl Wilhelm Friedrich, the "Wild Margrave" of
Ansbach, 1712-1757. Carvings in the church date from 1470, and a crucifix from 1500.
Part 4: 18th c. Frankonia
In the 18th century, fire fighting still lay exclusively in the hands of
the citizen fire-brigades, who at the most had two exercises a year.
Fire stations as we know them today were not present. It would be
a while before adequate pumps and flexible hoses were created.
Since masks had not been invented yet, firemen wore thick beards
to breathe through. Of course, chimney sweeps had an intimate
familiarity with fire and worked hand in hand with the fire brigades.
It was not uncommon for giant conflagrations to swallow whole
towns and even large cities.
the citizen fire-brigades, who at the most had two exercises a year.
Fire stations as we know them today were not present. It would be
a while before adequate pumps and flexible hoses were created.
Since masks had not been invented yet, firemen wore thick beards
to breathe through. Of course, chimney sweeps had an intimate
familiarity with fire and worked hand in hand with the fire brigades.
It was not uncommon for giant conflagrations to swallow whole
towns and even large cities.
The years of roughly 1770 to 1832 are often referred to as "The Age of Goethe". German culture
was respected globally, with the genius of Goethe at its center surrounded with brilliant fellow
writers, poets, folklorists and philologists such as Lessing, Herder, Schiller, the Schlegels, the
Grimm Brothers and Eichendorf interacting with the philosophers of German Idealism: Kant,
Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. Simultaneously, German music also reached its new heights with
Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, followed by Weber, Schubert and Schumann.
was respected globally, with the genius of Goethe at its center surrounded with brilliant fellow
writers, poets, folklorists and philologists such as Lessing, Herder, Schiller, the Schlegels, the
Grimm Brothers and Eichendorf interacting with the philosophers of German Idealism: Kant,
Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. Simultaneously, German music also reached its new heights with
Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, followed by Weber, Schubert and Schumann.